A 33-year-old woman has been on oral contraceptives for a year. She has noted vaginal bleeding for the past 5 weeks. The bleeding is not severe, but it occurs nearly every day. On pelvic examination, there is a 0.7 cm polypoid mass noted to extend outward from the endocervical region. The ectocervix appears normal. The uterus is normal in size. The adnexae have no palpable masses. A biopsy of this lesion is peformed. Which of the following pathologic findings is most likely to be found on microscopic examination of this lesion?
A Endocervical adenocarcinoma
B Clear cell adenocarcinoma
C Microglandular hyperplasia
D Sarcoma botryoides
E Endocervical polyp
F Follicular cervicitis
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A 48-year-old woman has noted a small amount of irregular vaginal bleeding for the past 2 months. She has a pelvic examination that reveals no cervical lesions, and a Pap smear that shows no abnormal cells. Next, an endometrial biopsy is performed, and there is microscopic evidence for endometrial hyperplasia. An abdominal ultrsound reveals a right ovarian mass. Which of the following neoplasms is this woman is most likely to have?
A Mature cystic teratoma
B Choriocarcinoma
C Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
D Fibrothecoma
E Krukenberg tumor
A 44-year-old perimenopausal woman has had vaginal bleeding for the past 6 months. On physical examination she has an enlarged, nodular uterus. A hysterectomy is performed. The surgeon notes several 0.2 to 1 cm translucent, smooth-surfaced, thin-walled, fluid-filled cysts near the fimbriated end of the right fallopian tube. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for these cysts?
A Gartner duct cysts
B Krukenberg tumors
C Parovarian cysts
D Pelvic inflammatory disease
E Mucinous cystadenomas
A 36-year-old woman has had episodes of lower abdominal and pelvic pain for the past 10 years. A bimanual pelvic examination reveals no abnormalities. A Pap smear is negative. She has an abdominal ultrasound scan that reveals no abnormalities. Finally, she undergoes laparoscopy, and her physician notes the presence of several 0.2 to 0.5 cm brown lesions located over the serosal surfaces of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and appendix. These lesions are excised. Which of the following microscopic findings is most likely to be present in these lesions?
A Endometrial glands and stroma
B Mesothelioma
C Metastatic carcinoma
D Small capillary proliferation
E Caseating granulomas
A 47-year-old woman has noted a pressure sensation, but no pain, in her pelvic region for the past 5 months. On physical examination there is a right adnexal mass. An ultrasound scan shows a 10 cm fluid-filled cystic mass in the right ovary. A fine needle aspirate of the mass is performed and cytologic examination of clear fluid aspirated from the mass reveals clusters of malignant epithelial cells surrounding psammoma bodies. Which of the following neoplasms is she most likely to have?
A Endometrial adenocarcinoma
B Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma
C Mesothelioma
D Ovarian mature cystic teratoma
E Adenocarcinoma of fallopian tube
A representative of the law firm of Flotsam, Flotsam & Jetsam enters your office one day and serves you wtih a subpoena. The subpoena requires you to appear in regard to litigation by one of your former patients, a 31-year-old woman who is claiming that your malpractice led to medical expenses, pain, and suffering because she developed invasive cervical carcinoma. She was last seen in your office 10 years ago. She had been your patient for 5 years, receiving Pap smears in 4 of those 5 years. Your records indicate that she had no abnormal Pap smears. After discussion with your malpractice carrier's attorney, which of the following conclusions is most appropriate?
A The patient should have continued to return for yearly Pap smears
B You are at fault in this case and should avoid a trial
C The laboratory to which the Pap smears were sent is at fault for missing abnormal cells
D Nothing anyone could have done would have prevented this carcinoma
E The patient's health insurer is at fault for not covering the full cost of Pap smear testing
A quality assurance (QA) project is done by a group of physicians staffing an outpatient clinic to study rates of false negative Pap smears. The QA project reveals that one physician has accounted for half of all the false negative Pap smears collected by the group over the prior year, when compared to follow-up testing. The physician's collection techniques are analyzed. Of the following procedures practiced, which is the only one that is appropriate?
A Wrote the patient's name on the slides
B Air-dried the slides prior to shipping
C Used lubricant on the speculum during collection
D Scheduled the patient visit during the menstrual phase of her cycle
E Advised the patient to douche the day prior to the appointment
A 30-year-old infertile woman has had episodic lower abdominal and pelvic pain for 2 years. A physical examination, including pelvic exam, reveals no abnormalities. A Pap smear shows only a few trichomonads and no dysplastic cells. A laparoscopy is performed, and the gynecologist notes the presence of several blue to red 0.2 to 0.4 cm slighted raised lesions scattered on the pelvic peritoneum in the cul-de-sac and broad ligaments. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A Metastatic adenocarcinoma
B Neisseria gonorrheae infection
C Endometriosis
D Candidiasis
E Leiomyomata
A 43-year-old woman has noted menstrual periods that have been exceptionally heavy, lasting 6 to 8 days, for 4 months. She has also noted minor intermenstrual bleeding. On physical examination her uterine cervix appears normal, and a Pap smear shows no abnormal cells. Pelvic examination reveals that the uterus is enlarged to twice normal size and is nodular. There are no adnexal masses. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A Endometrial carcinoma
B Leiomyomata
C Ectopic pregnancy
D Endometriosis
E Secondary syphilis
A 50-year-old woman has noted increasing abdominal enlargement for the past year. On physical examination, there is a fluid wave, but no tenderness. Bowel sounds are present. She has no vaginal bleeding. An abdominal ultrasound reveals bilateral 10 and 7 cm adnexal masses. At surgery there are bilateral mass lesions of the ovaries. A total abdominal hysterectomy is performed. Pathologic examination of the ovarian masses reveals that they are unilocular, filled with watery fluid, and covered with papillary excresences on all surfaces. Which of the following neoplasms is this woman most likely to have?
A Granulosa-theca cell tumors
B Mature cystic teratomas
C Fibrosarcoma with metastases
D Serous cystadenocarcinomas
E Clear cell carcinomas
A 28-year-old woman goes to her physician for a routine examination. She is sexually active. Pelvic examination reveals no abnormalities. A Pap smear is obtained. The cytopathology report indicates the presence of severely dysplastic cells. A biopsy of the cervix is performed, and on microscopic examination shows cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III (CIN III). Infection with which of the following organisms is most likely to cause her disease?
A Herpes simplex virus infection
B Epstein-Barr virus
C Candida albicans
D Human papillomavirus
E Trichomonas vaginalis
A 23-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with a one day history of increasing obtundation. On physical examination her temperature is 37.3 C, pulse 85/minute, respirations 16/minute, and blood pressure 90/45 mm Hg. A culdocentesis yields no blood. Laboratory studies show a positive pregnancy test. Her CBC shows a WBC count of 11,400/microliter, Hgb 10.6 g/dL, Hct 31.1%, MCV 95 fL, and platelet count 26,400/microliter. Schistocytes are noted on the peripheral blood smear. Her protime is 44 sec, partial thromboplastin time 61 sec, and D-Dimer 16 microgm/mL. A urinalysis dipstick examination shows no blood, protein, or glucose. Which of the following problems is most likely to explain her condition?
A Placental infarction
B Eclampsia
C Amniotic fluid embolus
D Retained dead fetus
E Ruptured tubal ectopic
A 22-year-old woman passed grape-like masses of tissue per vagina in the 16th week of her first pregnancy. She had not felt any fetal movement at any time. On physical examination she measured 18 weeks in size. A D&C is then performed, yielding about 1000 cc of 0.5 to 1.5 cm fluid-filled vesicles. Microscopic examination of this tissue shows large avascular villi along with trophoblastic proliferation. Which of the following is the best method to employ for her follow-up?
A Chest radiograph
B Serum beta-HCG
C Endometrial biopsy
D Pelvic ultrasound
E Pap smear
A 23-year-old woman goes to the emergency room because of the sudden onset of lower abdominal pain. Pelvic examination reveals a normal sized uterus and normal appearing cervix and vagina. However, there is marked tenderness upon palpation of the left adnexal region. A transvaginal ultrasound demonstrates no intrauterine gestational sac, but there is a 2 cm left adnexal mass. Culdoscocentesis yields bloody fluid. Which of the following is most useful procedure to perform at this point for the patient?
A Serum complement determination
B Urinalysis with microscopic examination
C Pap smear
D Serum beta-HCG
E Endometrial biopsy
A 20-year-old woman has had irregular menstrual bleeding for the past 6 months. On physical examination there are no abnormal findings. Laboratory studies show a negative pregancy test. A D&C is performed and microscopic examination shows dyssynchronous endometrial glands and stroma of anovulatory cycles. Following the procedure she ceases to have menstrual bleeding. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A Endometriosis
B Asherman syndrome
C Prolactinoma
D Ovarian failure
E Oral contraceptive use
A 15-year-old girl has had pelvic pain for the past 3 months. She refuses physical examination. She has not had any sexual activity. She has not had a menstrual period. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A Cervical condyloma
B Endometriosis
C Cervical gonorrhea
D Imperforate hymen
E Ruptured Bartholin's cyst
A 64-year-old woman has had itching with irritation of the vulvar region, along with vaginal dryness, for the past 8 months. On physical examination there are pale grey patches from 1 to 2 cm in size on the vulva. Biopsy of one lesion is performed and on microscopic examination shows epithelial thinning, dermal fibrosis, and perivascular chronic inflammation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A Squamous cell carcinoma
B Lichen sclerosus
C Condyloma acuminatum
D Adenosis
E Extramammary Paget's disease
For the past year, a 50-year-old woman has noted that her menstrual periods have been exceptionally heavy, lasting 7 to 9 days. She has noted occasional minor intermenstrual bleeding. For the past 3 months, she has been taking supplemental dietary iron for iron deficiency anemia. On pelvic examination, the uterine cervix appears normal, but the uterus is enlarged to twice normal size. Transvaginal ultrasound reveals the presence of a 9 cm solid mass in the uterus. A hysterectomy is performed, and on gross inspection with sectioning the uterus a reddish-tan mass is found with a fleshy cut surface. Microscopically the mass is highly cellular, with spindle cells having hyperchromatic nuclei and 10 to 20 mitoses per high power field. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A Endometrial polyp
B Adenomyosis
C Leiomyoma
D Ectopic pregnancy
E Leiomyosarcoma
F Malignant mixed mullerian tumor
A 31-year-old G3 P2 woman is at 14 weeks gestation, but has noted a small amount of vaginal bleeding for the past 2 weeks. Laboratory studies show an HCG level of 650,000 U/L. An ultrasound shows a "snowstorm" for intrauterine contents but no identifiable fetus. A D&C is performed with evacuation of 500 mL of grape-like vesicles. A month later her vaginal bleeding persists and her serum beta-HCG is 35,000 U/L. Which of the following pathologic abnormalities is most likely to be present in this woman?
A Pulmonary metastases
B Tubal ectopic pregnancy
C Endometritis
D Placental site trophoblastic tumor
E Invasive mole
A 33-year-old woman and her husband have wanted a child, but she has been unable to conceive for the past 10 years. She has mild pelvic pain. She has regular menstrual cycles. On physical examination the cervix and vagina appear normal. The uterus and adnexal regions are normal on palpation. A pelvic ultrasound shows no lesions. A Pap smear is normal. Her husband's sperm count is normal. Which of the following is most likely to be the cause for her infertility?
A Adenomyosis
B Prolactinoma
C Pelvic inflammatory disease
D Teratoma
E Chronic cervicitis
A 39-year-old woman had noted intermenstrual spotting of blood for the past 3 months. On pelvic examination, she is found to have a nodular 2 x 3 cm mass in the upper vagina. Biopsy of the mass is performed and on microscopic examination shows a clear cell carcinoma. Which of the following risk factors probably preceded development of this carcinoma?
A Human papilloma virus infection
B Previous endometriosis
C Irregular menstrual cycles
D Exposure to diethylstilbesterol in utero
E Precocious pseudopuberty
A 19-year-old woman has noted the increasing size and number of warty lesions on her external genitalia for the past 5 years. On physical examination she has several pink-tan rounded 1 to 2 cm slightly raised lesions on the perineum and vulva. Biopsy of one of the lesions is performed and on microscopic examination demonstrates acanthosis of the squamous epithelium along with koilocytosis. Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation of these findings?
A The lesions are usually cystic.
B Most often they occur in the endometrium.
C There is an association with Candida infection.
D She may develop a squamous cell carcinoma.
E This condition is commonly seen in prepubertal males.
A 40-year-old woman has experienced pelvic discomfort for over a month, along with a 4 kg weight loss, nervousness, and diaphoresis. A pelvic examination reveals a large left adnexal mass that, on transvaginal ultrasound, appears as a discrete 10 cm cystic mass. The uterus appears normal in size. A Pap smear is normal. The mass is removed and on gross pathologic examination is filled with hair and sebum, along with solid tan areas next to the smooth-surfaced outer wall. Which of the following laboratory test findings is most likely to have been present just prior to her surgery?
A Thyroxine of 11.3 microgm/dL
B HCG of 45,000 IU/L
C Potassium of 2.9 mmol/L
D Estradiol of 1700 pg/mL
E Cancer antigen 125 of 540 U/mL
A 32-year-old G3 P2 pregnant woman goes for a routine prenatal check at 12 weeks. On physical examination she is found to be large for dates, and no fetal heart tones are audible. An ultrasound is performed and revealed that no fetus was present, only many echogenic cystic areas within the uterus. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A Invasive mole
B Partial hydatidiform mole
C Placental site trophoblastic tumor
D Choriocarcinoma
E Complete hydatidiform mole
A 38-year-old woman goes to her physician for a routine examination. On physical examination there are no abnormal findings. A Pap smear is taken and cytologically there are dysplastic cells present. A cervical biopsy is performed. Microscopic examination shows dysplasia involving the full thickness of the cervical epithelium. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III
B Severe chronic cervicitis with Herpes simplex
C Previous diethylstilbesterol (DES) exposure
D Endocervical adenocarcinoma
E Extramammary Paget disease
Two weeks following delivery of a term infant boy following an uncomplicated pregnancy, a 25-year-old woman still has a vaginal discharge consisting of dark brown, foul-smelling material. Her temperature is 37.7 C. On pelvic examination, the uterus is slightly enlarged and she has pelvic tenderness. Laboratory studies show her serum beta-HCG is negative. Which of the following conditions is she most likely to have?
B Degenerating leiomyoma
C Sheehan syndrome
E Retained products of conception
A 39-year-old woman has had dysmenorrhea for 7 months. On pelvic examination, there are no adnexal masses, and the cervix appears normal, but the uterus is three times normal size. The uterus appears to be symmetrically enlarged on abdominal ultrasound, with no masses present and an endometrial cavity that is nearly normal in size. A Pap smear is normal. Her serum pregnancy test is negative. A total abdominal hysterectomy is performed. Which of the following microscopic findings is most likely to be present in her uterus?
A Atypical glands invading through the uterine wall
B Large avascular villi with trophoblastic proliferation
C Hyperchromatic and pleomorphic smooth muscle cells
D Extensive acute inflammation
E Endometrial glands and stroma in the myometrium
A 15-year-old girl has had irregular menstrual cycles for 5 months. She had menarche at age 13. There are no abnormal physical examination findings. An endometrial biopsy is taken on post-ovulatory day 9 and shows proliferative phase endometrium. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
B Anovulatory cycles
C Endometrial adenocarcinoma
D Leiomyomata
F Ovarian thecoma
A 29-year-old woman has had dyspareunia for the past 2 months. She has had only one sexual partner--her husband. She is G2 P2. On physical examination there are no abnormal findings except for a small but slightly tender 1.5 cm mass located in the right lateral wall of her vagina. The lesion is excised. On gross examination this mass is cystic and fluid filled. On microscopic examination the cyst is lined by a cuboidal epithelium. Which of the following is the most likely etiology for this lesion?
A Diethylstilbesterol exposure
B Embryologic remnant
C Gonoccocal infection
D Metastatic adenocarcinoma
A 55-year-old woman has lower abdominal pain for the past 6 months. She had a simple hysterectomy performed 25 years before. On pelvic examination, she has a vagina that ends in a blind pouch, and a large left adnexal mass is palpable and is non-tender. At laparotomy, there is a 9 cm mass involving the left ovary. Microscopic examination reveals malignant glands resembling endometrial glands. What pathologic abnormality was her hysterectomy specimen most likely to have shown?
C Malignant mixed mullerian tumor
D Chronic endometritis
E Endometrial hyperplasia
A 25-year-old woman is G2 P1. Her first pregnancy resulted in a normal term birth. Now at 15 weeks gestation, a prenatal checkup reveals that she has a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg. An ultrasound is performed that reveals no fetal cardiac motion. Misoprostil induction is performed for termination of the pregnancy. Examination of the malformed stillborn fetus reveals that it is small for gestational age and has 3,4 syndactyly bilaterally, an indented nasal bridge, and a two vessel cord. The placenta is small for gestation and has scattered 0.5 cm grape-like villi. A chromosome analysis performed on the placental tissue will most likely demonstrate which of the following karyotypes?
A 46, XX
B 69, XXY
C 45, X
D 47, XX, +18
E 23, X
F 47, XYY
G 47, XXX
A 16-year-old girl has not begun menstruation. Physical examination reveals that she has breast development, but a short vagina and no palpable uterus or adnexae, only bilateral inguinal masses. She appears otherwise normal. Which of the following laboratory tests would be most appropriate to order on this girl?
A Chromosome analysis
B Serum estrogen
C Assay for luteinizing hormone
D Serum cortisol
E Serum testosterone
A 38-year-old healthy woman has had a white, curd-like vaginal discharge for the past week. There is no bleeding. A Pap smear demonstrates normal appearing squamous epithelial cells along with scattered neutrophils and budding cells with pseudohyphae. Which of the following infectious agents is most likely to be present in this woman?
A Treponema pallidum
B Neisseria gonorrhea
C Chlamydia trachomatis
D Herpes simplex
E Escherichia coli
F Gardnerella vaginalis
G Trichomonas vaginalis
H Candida albicans
A 35-year-old woman has had dull pelvic pain for 4 months. A pelvic examination reveals a normal appearing cervix, a normal sized uterus, and a large tender right adnexal mass. Ultrasound reveals an 8 cm mass cystic, fluid-filled mass involving the right adnexal region. At laparotomy, there are many filmy fibrous adhesions in the pelvis. The mass is excised and on gross examination is found to have a thin wall and is filled with purulent exudate. Microscopically, there are thin remnants of fallopian tube and ovary comprising the wall of the mass, with numerous neutrophils filling the lumen. Which of the following infectious agents is most likely to have produced these findings?
A Human papillomavirus
B Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C Trichomonas vaginalis
D Candida albicans
E Neisseria gonorrheae
Abnormal uterine bleeding for several months prompts a 62-year-old woman to see her physician. She has never been pregnant and went through menopause 15 years previously. On physical examination her BMI is 33. An endometrial biopsy is performed and on microscopic examination shows a well-dffierentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. Which of the following ovarian neoplasms is she most likely to have?
A Papillary serous cystadenocarcoma
B Krukenberg tumor
C Mucinous cystadenoma
D Granulosa cell tumor
E Immature teratoma
A 28-year-old woman develops the sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain. On physical examination there is tenderness to palpation of the right lower quadrant. Laboratory studies show her serum pregnancy test is positive. An ultrasound scan does not reveal a gestational sac in the uterus, but there is a right adnexal mass. The development of these findings is most closely related to past infection with which of the following organisms?
B Human papillomavirus
C Neisseria gonorrheae
E Group B Streptococcus
A 45-year-old woman has had irregular menstrual periods for the past 9 months. On physical examination she has an enlarged uterus. An ultrasound scan shows a 9 cm solitary, solid mass in the uterus. A total abdominal hysterectomy is performed. Gross examination of the irregular reddish-tan mass located in the myometrium shows bundles of smooth muscle cells along with heterogenous elements of pleomorphic cartilagenous cells. There are also areas with poorly differentiated gland formation. Mitotic figures are frequent. Which of the following neoplasms is she most likely to have?
A Leiomyosarcoma
B Sarcoma botyroides
D Endolymphatic stromal myosis
E Leiomyoma
A 72-year-old woman has been feeling tired for the past year. She has had episodes of vaginal bleeding during this time. On physical examination there are no abnormal findings. Laboratory studies show Hgb 9.1 g/dL, Hct 26.5%, MCV 72 fL, platelet count 158,000/microliter, and WBC count 7150/microliter. An endometrial biopsy is performed and on microscopic examination shows atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. Which of the following is the most likely risk factor for development of her disease?
A Human papillomavirus infection
B Long term use of an intrauterine contraceptive device
C Chronic endometritis
E Unopposed estrogenic stimulation
A 56-year-old G0 P0 woman reports vaginal bleeding in the past 2 months. Her last menstrual period was 9 years ago. On physical examination there are no abnormal findings. Which of the following procedures is most appropriate to perform on this woman?
A Endometrial biopsy
B Pap smear
C Vaginal culture
D Colposcopy
E CT scan
A 50-year-old woman has experienced mild pelvic discomfort for 3 months. On physical examination there are bilateral adnexal masses. A pelvic CT scan reveals irregular unilocular cystic, bilateral mass lesions in the region of the ovaries. One is 10 cm and the other is 8 cm in size. Which of the following types of neoplasm is most likely to be present in this woman?
B Serous cystadenocarcinoma
C Endometrioid carcinoma
E Mucinous cystadenoma
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