Thermodynamics

0351.2202
Semester A, 2010/2011
Sunday, 12:00-14:00, Holcblat 7 (lecture)
Thursday, 12:00-14:00, Holcblat 7 (lecture)
Sunday, 14:00-16:00, Ornstein 103 (tutoring)
Tuesday, 15:00-17:00, Ornstein 110 (tutoring)

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Program

• Lecture 1 (17/10/10)
  • The context of thermodynamics: why study large systems separately?
  • Mathematical reminder: derivative, partial derivative, differential, exact differential
  • State function, thermodynamic path, thermodynamic cycle
  Simulation of irreversibility in a gas of hard disks
  Home Exercise #1   Solution #1
   
• Lecture 2 (21/10/10)
  • Thermodynamic variables, intensive vs. extensive quantities, environment (reservoir)
  • Systems in contact: isolated system, thermal contact, pressure contact, diffusive contact
  Class Exercise #2
   
• Lecture 3 (24/10/10)
  • Thermodynamic equilibrium
  • Thermodynamic processes: isothermal process, isobaric process, isochoric process, adiabatic process, reversible process
  • Ideal and real gases, virial expansion, van der Waals equation of state
  Home Exercise #2   Solution #2
   
• Lecture 4 (28/10/10)
  • Zeroth law of thermodynamics
  • First law of thermodynamics
  • Work, heat
  • Heat capacity
  • Enthalpy
  • Heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure
  Class Exercise #3
   
• Lecture 5 (31/10/10)
  • Heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure (cont.)
  • Legendre transform
  • Processes in an ideal gas: isothermal expansion
  Home Exercise #3   Solution #3
   
• Lecture 6 (4/11/10)
  • Processes in an ideal gas (cont.): isobaric expansion, adiabatic expansion, isochoric heating, irreversible free expansion
  Class Exercise #4
   
• Lecture 7 (7/11/10)
  • Thermochemistry, Hess law
  • Second law of thermodynamics: Carnot principle, Kelvin-Planck formulation, entropy
  Home Exercise #4   Solution #4
   
• Lecture 8 (11/11/10)
  • Second law of thermodynamics (cont.): irreversible processes, Clausius' formulation
  Class Exercise #5
   
• Lecture 9 (14/11/10)
  • Spontaneous processes
  • The statistical interpretation of entropy
  • Entropy change in reversible processes
  Home Exercise #5   Solution #5
   
• Lecture 10 (18/11/10)
  • Entropy change in irreversible processes
  • Entropy of mixing
  • Heat engine
  
  
• Lecture 11 (21/11/10)
  • Heat pump
  • Thermodynamic potentials and natural variables: internal energy, Helmholtz free energy
  Class Exercise #6   Home Exercise #6   Solution #6
   
• Lecture 12 (25/11/10)
  • Thermodynamic potentials and natural variables (cont.): Gibbs free energy, homogeneous function, Gibbs-Duhem equation, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation
  
  
• Lecture 13 (28/11/10)
  • Thermodynamic potentials and natural variables (cont.): grand-canonical potential
  • Summary of the second law
  Class Exercise #7   Home Exercise #7   Solution #7
   
• Lecture 14 (2/12/10)
  • The third law of thermodynamics
  • Maxwell relations
  • Chemical equilibrium
  
  
• Lecture 15 (9/12/10)
  • Fugacity
  • Activity
  • Chemical equilibrium (cont.)
  Class Exercise #8   Home Exercise #8  Solution #8
   
• Lecture 16 (12/12/10)
  • Tutoring (Naomi Oppenheimer)
  
  
• Lecture 17 (16/12/10)
  • Chemical equilibrium (cont.)
  Class Exercise #9  Home Exercise #9  Solution #9
   
• Lecture 18 (19/12/10)
  • Gas-liquid phase transition
  • Critical point; law of corresponding states
  
  
• Lecture 19 (23/12/10)
  • Coexistence: equal-area construction, lever rule
  • Metastable phases: super-heating, super-cooling
  • Phase diagrams
  Class Exercise #10   Home Exercise #10  Solution #10
   
• Lecture 20 (26/12/10)
  • Phase diagrams (cont.)
  • Chemical potential and entropy in first-order phase transitions
  • Latent heat
  • Clapeyron and Clausius-Clapeyron equations
  
  
• Lecture 21 (30/12/10)
  • Gibbs phase rule
  • Gas-liquid coexistence in binary mixtures
  • Bubble line; dew line
  
  
• Lecture 22 (2/1/11)
  • Raoult's law,   Historical perspective on Raoult and his law
  • Phase diagram of binary mixtures
  Class Exercise #11  Solution of Q3 in Exercise #11 Home Exercise #11  Solution #11
  
  
• Lecture 23 (6/1/11)
  • Distillation
  • Non-ideal mixtures
  • Henry's law
  • Activity coefficients
  • Effect of solute on boiling point
  
  
• Lecture 24 (9/1/11)
  • Effect of solute on freezing point
  • Osmotic pressure
  • Activity of electrolytes
  Class Exercise #12  Home Exercise #12  Solution #12
  
  
• Lecture 25 (13/1/11)
  • Activity of electrolytes (cont.)
  • Debye-Huckel theory
  
  
• Lecture 26 (16/1/11)
  • Debye-Huckel theory (cont.)
  • Electrochemical equilibrium
  • Electrochemical cells
  Class Exercise #13  Solution of Q4-Q6 in Exercise #13  Home Exercise #13  Solution #13
   
• Lecture 27 (20/1/11)
  • Thermodynamic measurements using electrochemical cells

Past exams